Migration and Unequal Social Positions in a Transnational Perspective

Introduction: Migration and Unequal Positions in a Transnational Perspective

Thomas Faist, Joanna J. Fröhlich, Inka Stock, Ingrid Tucci. in Social Inclusion Vol 9, No 1 (2021)

How does spatial mobility influence social mobility and vice versa? Often, the 'objective' structural positions on the one hand, and the 'subjective' definition of social positions on the other hand, are not considered together. Yet this is necessary in order to gauge the consequences of mobility trajectories reaching across borders. This framing editorial asks how we can study the interplay of perceptions of one's own social position and one's objective social position to better understand how spatial mobility influences social mobility and vice versa. In short, this means an exploration of the nexus of spatial mobility and social mobility. Exploring that nexus requires attention to objective social positions, subjective social positioning strategies, transnational approaches to the study of social positions and self-positioning, and social boundary theory. Overall, the complexity of the nexus between social and spatial mobilities calls for a multifaceted research approach that covers various levels of analysis. Some of the contributions feature a mixed-methods approach that allows drawing a multifaceted picture of the interrelation between the perceptions of social positions and their structural features.

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Exploring the Nexus between Migration and Social Positions using a Mixed Methods Approach

Ingrid Tucci, Joanna J. Fröhlich, Inka Stock. in Social Inclusion Vol 9, No 1 (2021)

Using a mixed methods approach, this paper analyses the nexus between migration and social positions drawing on recent survey data on migrants who have arrived in Germany after 1994 (Socio-Economic Panel, SOEP) as well as qualitative interviews with 26 respondents to the survey. Drawing on a Bourdieu’s forms-of-capital approach (Bourdieu, 1986), and applying the method of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to the survey data, we highlight two dimensions structuring the nexus between migration and social positions in Germany: 1) capital related to legal status and multiple migration; and 2) (trans)national cultural capital. Through a cluster analysis based on the MCA results, we then identify and describe four profiles of migrants characterised by distinct configurations of cultural capital (social class background, education and linguistic skills before and after settlement), legal status (citizenship and status at migration), experiences of multiple cross-border movements and social positions: The ‘Foreign Working-Class’, the ‘Foreign Middle-Class’, the ‘Adapted German Migrants’, and the ‘Young Highly Educated Urbans’. The complementary analysis of the qualitative data allows us to go further in understanding some of the factors that may play a role in shaping migrants’ social position(ing) in the four clusters. In particular, we show that resources such as determination and perseverance can be crucial for some migrants to counter structural constraints related to their legal status in transferring or accessing cultural capital, and that linguistic skills are also used by some migrants as a marker of social distinction.

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